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Monique Wittig (; July 13, 1935 – January 3, 2003) was a French author and feminist theorist〔(Monique Wittig, 67, Feminist Writer, Dies, by Douglas Martin, January 12, 2003, New York Times )〕 who wrote about overcoming socially enforced gender roles and who coined the phrase "heterosexual contract". She published her first novel, ''L'Opoponax'', in 1964. Her second novel, ''Les Guérillères'' (1969), was a landmark in lesbian feminism. ==Biography== Monique Wittig was born in 1935 in Dannemarie in Haut-Rhin, France. In 1950 she moved to Paris to study at the Sorbonne. In 1964 she published her first novel, ''L'Opoponax'' which won her immediate attention in France. After being translated into English, Wittig achieved international recognition. She was one of the founders of the ''Mouvement de Libération des Femmes'' (MLF) (Women's Liberation Movement). In 1969, she published what is arguably her most influential work, Les Guerilleres, which is today considered a revolutionary and controversial source for feminist and lesbian thinkers around the world. Its publication is also considered to be the founding event of French feminism.〔Balén, Julia. ''In Memoriam: Monique Wittig'', ''The Women’s Review of Books'', January 2004, Vol. XXI, No. 4., quoted in (Trivia Magazine, Wittig Obituary )〕〔L'Homond, Bridgitte. ''France.—Feminism And The Women's Liberation Movement'', ''Women's Studies Encyclopedia'', ed: Helen Tierney, quoted in (Gem Women's Studies Encyclopedia )〕 Wittig earned her Ph.D. from the Ecole des Hautes Etudes en Sciences Sociales,〔 after completing a thesis titled "Le Chantier littéraire"〔("(...)Word by Word Monique Wittig completed The Literary Workshop (Le chantier littéraire) in Gualala, California, in 1986, as her dissertation for the Diplome de l'Ecole des Hautes Etudes en Sciences Sociales in Paris. Gérard Genette was the director, and Louis Marin and Christian Metz were readers. Wittig wrote The Literary Workshop at a time of immense productivity.(...) ); Monique Wittig, Catherine Temerson, Sande Zeig. "The Literary Workshop: An Excerpt", in "GLQ: A Journal of Lesbian and Gay Studies – Volume 13, Number 4, 2007, pp. 543–551〕 Wittig was a central figure in lesbian and feminist movements in France. In 1971, she was a founding member of the ''Gouines rouges'' ("Red dykes"), the first lesbian group in Paris.〔 She was also involved in the ''Féministes Révolutionnaires'' ("Revolutionary feminists"), a radical feminist group.〔 She published various other works, some of which include the 1973 ''Le Corps lesbien'' (or ''The Lesbian Body'') and the 1976 ''Brouillon pour un dictionnaire des amantes'' (or ''Lesbian Peoples: Materical For A Dictionary''), which her partner, Sande Zeig, coauthored. In 1976, Wittig and Zeig moved to the United States where Wittig focused on producing work of gender theory. Her works, ranging from the philosophical essay ''The Straight Mind'' to parables like ''Les Tchiches et les Tchouches'', explored the interconnectedness and intersection of lesbianism, feminism, and literary form. With various editorial positions both in France and in the United States, Wittig's works became internationally recognized and were commonly published in both French and English. She continued to work as a visiting professor in various universities across the nation, including the University of California, Berkeley, Vassar College and the University of Arizona in Tucson. She taught a course in Materialist Thought through Women's Studies programs, wherein her students were immersed in the process of correcting the American translation of ''The Lesbian Body''. She died of a heart attack on January 3, 2003.〔 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア(Wikipedia)』 ■ウィキペディアで「Monique Wittig」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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